Business Skills & Employability Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Business Skills & Employability - Case Study Example The company has been effective in the market as a complete company with diversified products leading to positive rating in the FTSE market. Sainsbury offers online platform for the sale of the various product and services. Its clothing brand is the seventh largest in the TU clothing sector with over 3000 products sold in its stores country wide and internationally (Daugherty, et al., 2009, p. 69). SWOT analysis involves the evaluation of the performance of the company in relation to the prevailing market. The analysis of the strength, opportunities, weakness and threats of the organization will help the manager to establish the position of the company. The understanding of the position of the company ensures that the marketing and communication strategy is developed to improve the performance of the business. For instance, if the competitors have ventured on the elderly population, the company may resort to developing products for the youths thus increasing organization performance. SWOT analysis of the company reveals strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats associated with the current and future status of the company (Crawford, 2000, p. 53). For Sainsbury, it is vital to understand the weakness of the business and develop strategies to counter the weaknesses and threats associated with the company. ... it is successful because of the strengths associated with is as a brand which are diverse because of the diverse nature of the company. It has diversified its operation to cover various sectors of the business environment. The strengths of the company are as follows; Diversified investments The company has diversified its operations of the individual business units that are not related. The diversification of the business platform ensures reduced risks. In case of business unit failure, the different sector can support the other area. However, diversification alone cannot minimize risks and thus must be conducted carefully (Hollensen, 2007, p. 56). Over diversification leads to increased capital expenditure leading losses. The organization approach has ensured they invest in areas with the potential of success. The diversification approach has facilitated the development of the different units of the business organization. IT infrastructure The company uses the online platform simila r to the Amazon.com, but the focus of the organization is on sports and other sports related accessory. The competitive edge offered by the company includes offering variety in the sports sector, direct linkage with the manufacturing companies thereby developing brand loyalty (Preston, 2012, p. 12). The reduced focus for specific sport equipment and regime makes the company unique giving it an edge over the all-purpose online services offered by Amazon and other platforms. However, the challenge is on developing a market niche and retention of customers. The major competitive factors in the whole process are dependent on the situation analysis of the organization. The current situation indicates brand visibility, loyalty,

British Airways Logistics and Operations Management Assignment

British Airways Logistics and Operations Management - Assignment Example Some of the respective areas where the organization has ventured include investing in latest modern technology that has since brought considerable improvement in terms of flexibility, dependability, quality and cost (Greasley 2013). Thesis statement: British Airways has implemented innovative approaches in its logistics and operations management. Communication and coordination technology According to Greasley, (2013), for an effective and efficient coordination, an airline company must consider reliable communication systems, which are made available at the control towers or throughout other respective departments. The British airways has invested heavily in technological personnel and the expatriates responsible for the management for the flight operations, dispatch of cargo to and from the airport, ground maintenance staff and members who assist the passengers with the reservation amongst other issues. Firstly, the organization has put in place integrations of information systems t o the center of control that facilitates coordination and effective communication throughout all the branches. For instance, the automation improves dissemination of information relevant both at the internal operations and to external operations. Consider personnel such as air traffic controller, the pilot on board and the rest of the colleagues who are actively involved with maintenance at the hangers. The use of information systems allows them to have faster exchange of data or any other relevant information more rapidly and efficiently. Through the integration of the information systems, British Airways has succeeded in reduction of miscommunication either from the center to the centers of controls or, the employees of the other departments since the information is available in real time to almost all the relevant bodies concerned. Moreover, automation has also led to economical advantages such as conservation of fuel, proper usage of time and appropriate time management through effective planning of cargo handling. This process of operations has successfully led to the total improvement of returns based on reception of new cargo on transit and those under dispatch (Slack et al 2011). Automated flight dispatch British Airways has an automated flying dispatch intercepted through special tracking device systems in almost all its active flights. The flight dispatch systems have enabled efficient conservation of flight fuel through the modern planning mechanisms. The use of this technology helps in the moderation of navigation of planes automatically. Moreover, such systems are interconnected to the flight management system on board a craft and are capable of calculating the flight speed based on the weight of the plane and the current atmospheric pressure thorough cost indexing. In addition, through the vertical integrations of the minima, the system is able to locate fuel-efficient routes of the planes. In this case, the automated flight dispatch help in econ omizing fuels by avoiding extended duration of waiting before a plane is dispatched. The use of global positioning systems has also helped in the control of winds and turbulence associated with international flights (Christopher 2011). Resource management system The British airline has implemented a resource management system that incorporates intelligent technologies to enable all people involved in this organization to access and

Reflective Assessment: Bucket and Dipper Theory

Reflective Assessment: Bucket and Dipper Theory Ming Chak Ip   The module was centered on the issue of positive response and feedback on events. It relied heavily on the bucket and dipper theory which was developed by Don Clifton and Tom Rath. It purports that we all have an invincible bucket and dipper. When our bucket is overflowing, we are filled with positive emotions and we impact others around us constructively through words and reaction. The dipper is what we use to fill other peoples invincible buckets. The theory is bent on the positive repercussions of positive responses and influences on others. When we receive information positively and respond graciously, we maximize the positive impacts on our recipients and positive outcomes are reflected in our being as well. This theory is further enhanced by the study by Shelly Gable, which proposes highly that when people share good news and their experiences in life, they form more productive social connections. Sharing promotes ones emotional well-being and allows them to continue engaging p ositively with the people and environments around them. The bucket and dipper theory is very fundamental in informing and enhancing interpersonal relations. It fosters the development of personal skills and, thus, it is very relevant to the growth of a corporate and to ones personal development. The bucket and dipper theory is a positivity pathway that informs productive relationships within and outside the workplace. It emphasizes the need for active and constructive responses as opposed to passive and destructive inputs (Rath Clifton, 2009). The theory can be enhanced in ones life through acts such as active listening to our family and friends as they communicate with us, and practicing mindfulness and emotional and physical presence during the communication. It would also be enhanced further when we avoid cutting into the stories of the speaker, with our own experiences and advice very early into the conversation. Further, we should be genuinely authentic as we engage in asking positive questions about the incidents of the speakers. O ur support should be gracious and we should commend and congratulate our peers for their positive undertakings. Consequently, our engagement with the speaker should be used to enhance their experience and highlight the importance of their achievements. More importantly, we should always seek to fill the empty buckets around us through gestures and extra acts of kindness. One of the main limitations of the theory is the assumption that we can attain optimal positivity in all undertakings in life (McCloud, 2015). In some instances, it is not possible to give active and constructive feedbacks; we are required to critique negative undertakings and behaviors in our peers and friends. While passive and destructive and active and destructive responses will do more damage than good, we need to find a place of agreeability where our response is not active and constructive. We should aim at balanced emotions and reactions based on the specific incidents. On an average day at work, I have extensive contact with the younger workmates who are training interns with the organization. I am required to assist them with their assignments and direct them on issues they do not understand about the organization. Being a junior manager, this is a duty I considered cumbersome since it includes my daily engagement in evaluating their experiences in the field and going over minor details of their routine. It requires a lot of patience and skills in directing the interns, who are fresh from college, regarding their assignments. In most of our discussion engagements, I have noticed that one of the interns is especially enthusiastic about minor details which I considered irrelevant. She enjoyed highlighting her experiences with her peers and customers through the day and fusing the interactions with the eventual assignments. This habit was initially annoying to me since it drew me from the main target which was to complete my assessment with the all t he interns and redirect my efforts to more serious assignments of the day. After engaging with the module readings, however, I am more informed on how nurturing positive feedback mechanisms and sharing the minor details and achievements of the day have a positive impact, not only on my interns but on my personal and professional development as well. By applying the module teachings, I started listening attentively and responding actively and constructively to the interns, especially to the arguments of the most enthusiastic lady in the group. I observed better learning experiences for both of us. I was able to inspire her understanding of the assignments in a better manner since; we would apply the lessons from her interactions with her friends to solving major issues of the assignments and illustrating more applicable principles to corporate development. I realized that my relationship with her and my other interns has been greatly enhanced as I continued to fill their buckets on a daily basis. I am a better friend and a better aid by applying the simple concept of listening positively and responding adequately to experiences that I once considered irrelevant. My application of the theory has since extended to other spheres of my life. I am able to relate better with my other colleagues and seniors at the workplace, and with pe ople, including strangers, I meet on a daily basis. I am a better team player at work; I have a better understanding of the people around me and the little things that impact them in their daily lives. Overly, I am positive of the immense contributions of the module teachings to my overall life. I have become a better listener, I pay more attention to details that are necessary to those around me and I have learned to accommodate views in a more positive and engaging manner. I am striving to be an active and constructive listener to my workmates and family members. I strongly believe that the lessons learned will be of great value as I continue to grow professionally and interact with people around me. They are surely, a great component in the making of a good leader. References ListMcCloud, C. (2015). Have You Filled a Bucket Today?: A Guide to Daily Happiness for Kids. New York: Bucket Fillers. Rath, D., Clifton, D. (2009). How Full Is Your Bucket? Educators Edition: Positive Strategies for Work and Life. New York: Simon and Schuster.

The Watergate Scandal :: President Richard Nixon

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seems as if from the moment he was born, Alexander the Great was destined for extraordinary power. On July twentieth, 356 BC., Olympius and King Philip the Second of Macedonia, gave birth to a son and named him Alexander. The actual date of his birth still lies in question though but July twentieth seems to be the most widely accepted one. Alexander developed into quite an individual. He was a very generous man who demonstrated extreme loyalty toward his friends, though at the same time he was very cautious and smart. His great character and values were two of the things that made Alexander the Great a significant individual in history. Another, of course, being that he conquered a very large amount of territory in a relatively short amount of time. His empire seemed to promise a newer, brighter age in which the nations of the world could join together as equals. Through conquering Asia and India, defeating King Darius of Persia, and establishing different col onies, Alexander proved his magnificence. Arguably, there is no other leader in history who could inspire and motivate his men like Alexander the Great did.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Alexander was a child, he would at times get discouraged when news came home that his father had conquered another territory. This was because he was worried that there would be nothing left for him to do. Alexander grew up around his father's army for a good portion of his childhood and by the time he was thirteen, he was quite mature. Alexander's maturity is illustrated through a famous story. His father had just bought a beautiful horse named Bucephalus. Much to Philip's disappointment, no one he knew could ride it. Just about to get rid of it, Alexander decided to make a wager on whether or not he could ride it. Alexander calmly approached the horse and found that the horse was afraid of its own shadow. Thinking, Alexander faced it toward the sun to keep the shadow behind it, got on Bucephalus and rode him. Alexander got to keep Bucephalus and later rode the same horse all the way to India. When the horse died there, Alexander founded a city and named it Bucephala after his beloved horse. Alexander's parents wanted the best for their son, so they hired the best tutors around to give him a good education. When Alexander reached thirteen, he began learning from Aristotle.

Arson Paper

ARSON†¦ WHAT IS IT? Krystle Lamb Houston Community College Criminal Justice 1301 ABSTRACT Arson is one of the world’s oldest known crimes. It can cost a life or a generous amount of money in damages. Even though it can take a person’s life, arson is classified as a property crime to law enforcement agencies. It is time consuming and very difficult to investigate. Only twenty percent of arrests result in a conviction because it is classified as a â€Å"property crime† rather than a violent crime. The motives of arson range from profit to murder. People who use arson use it because it’s a quick easy act of terrorism to a person or company they are trying to hurt. I believe there should be more and better adequate training for investigators and prosecutors to put away the people that can commit such a crime. The United States has one of the highest fire death rates in the world. In 1998 the â€Å"NFPA reported about 14. 9 deaths per million population. Between 1994 and 1998 about 4,400 Americans died and about 35,100 were injured yearly. Also about 100 firefighters a year lost their lives in their hazardous job related duties. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Arson) Fires kill more Americans a year than natural disasters combined. Arson is the most expensive crime committed, this can be attributed to the several factors which are the lack of education on the problems of arson, and prosecutors do not want to take on the case because of circumstantial evidence, quick payments from insurance companies, and inadequate train ing for investigators. Legal arson is categorized in two categories; aggravated arson and arson. â€Å"Aggravated arson is burning of property while endangering human life. Arson is burning of property that does not include the risk of human life. â€Å" (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Arson) Fire crime scenes begin like any other investigation. The trick is to connect the suspect to the crime. There are clues to determine if a fire is suspicious or not. For example, the color of the flames has to do with the accelerant use. Like alcohol burn with a blue-orange flame. The descriptions are usually gained from the witnesses. The odor of smoke can explain what material was used to start the fire. Before a fire is visible, the smoke can be observed. If the smoke is black then it is petroleum based. If the smoke is a white color the vegetation material was used (hay or straw. ) If the structure is completely engulfed in flames then it is difficult to determine which material was set to burn. The size of the fire gives the investigator information if it was arson or not. For instance, if a building is engulfed in flames in a short period of time, then that might be because of arson. Natural fire tends to burn at a slower steadier pace with a natural pattern but this is circumstantial. One of the articles that I decided to write about was the incident that took place at the beginning of September in Needville, TX. â€Å"It was a fire that burned 400 acres and charred a barn in the Needville area and was intentionally set, officials  said. The blaze started at the corner of a pasture on Foster School Road near Brinkmeyer on Sept. 7, according to the Fort Bend County Sheriff's  Office. The blaze raced southwest and jumped Baker Road. It also destroyed a facility that housed two vehicles and travel  tailer. More than 100 firefighters from 20 agencies from nearby areas, including the Needville Fire Department, battled the  blaze. In conclusion, arson is a very serious crime and should be taken very seriously when one is criminally charged. Way too much money is lost, as well as the lives of others who are less fortunate. Works Cited Lezon, D. (2011, September, 7). $10,000 reward in arson fire near Needville. The Houston Chronicle. $10,000 reward offered in arson case. Retrieved September 15, 2011 from http://abclocal. o. com/ktrk/story? section=news/crime_tracker;id=8371513 Huge reward offered in Needville arson. Retrieved September 29, 2011 from http://www. fortbendnow. com/2011/09/28/56990 $10K reward out for anyone who turns in serial arsonist in Needville. Retrieved September 22, 2011 from http://www. yourhoustonnews. com/fort_bend/news/reward-out-for-needville-arsonist/article_74e0b30e-5347-5171-9852-b5f9002d0477. html Karki, Sameer , K. (2009, february 13). Arson. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Arson

Methods of Birth Assesstment

Damien Gatson Psy -225 Human sexuality Jimletta Vareena-Thomas August 05, 2012 Methods of Birth Assessment Childrearing is the one of the most crucial times in a mother’s and father’s life and is An journey into parenthood that finally turns into a journey of becoming an adult. The Child birthing practice allows us to decide on which birth methods we prefer, but some childbearing are not by choice. There are much that has been written about childbearing practices, whether it; the wrong way or the right way, which also chosen by different culture.Personally child bearing changes have changed and are unalike in different cultures. There are some differences that are quite intemperate and obvious whereas others are definitely more subtle, despite there are apparent differences, and there are similarities that are inherent when it comes to giving birth. The delivery of a baby is one of life’s most valuable moments, and the view of a new life. Labor can also be an unp leasant, painful, and can bring the feasibility of difficulty or problem for both mother and baby. The birthing of a baby is a process that requires intervention from a medical rofessional facility which help guide the mother through labor and delivery. That’s why they have different methods of birth assessment that is out there like vaginal birth and cesarean which are both done in the hospitals or birthing centers. It is very important to always be ready and make preparations, to prepare a birth plan before coming to the hospital and let the staff be aware of your preference of choices. Sometimes prior to your arrival there or a written birth method plan that might be pre-approved by your OB-GYN due to certain health issues, to ease he stress for the mother and her baby during labor. There is no guaranteed way to fore see the future or what the birthing will be like no matter which choice is selected. That is why it is important to think about all or questions on the list a nd things that are important to you in making any health care decision unless otherwise. Like natural birth for most upcoming mothers, a natural birth help increase The probability of a healthier and easier recovery, which can be caused by post-intervention. The positive part of natural child birth allows for the baby and the mother to experience a atural birth also help reduces the exposure to all the narcotics drugs, being hook up with IV lines, or headache and backache due to a possible side effect of epidurals that is given through labor. Also the pros with natural childbirth also lessen the likelihood of separating the mother from her child allows the mother and the infant to have a natural bond and being able to have immediate contact and have a successful breastfeeding bond after giving birth. The most important event that your partner can be involved in the process to help guide you with breathing exercises, and visualization.The cons of natural childbirth is experiencing th e Natural childbirth which is painful, and a scary experience which does not eliminate pain and allows the mothers to feel very connected with childbirth from the pushing that comes with the labor The only choices that the mothers have Is the choice of the different breathing techniques, certain meditation, and changing of their positions to help lighten the pain that they feel during delivering. Natural labor can lead to longer intense labor which most mothers have low toleration for pain and causes weakness through the process of pushing and affect both the other and the baby with complication situations and loss of blood. The other form of birth methods has some benefits of planning a C-section which knows the scheduled date ahead of time from your Ob-Gyn. Also for those mothers who look forward to this special day, but also being prepared, a having scheduling a Cesarean until instead of waiting to go into labor which can make childbirth seem much more can make child more easy. S ince there is no way to control the act of natural labor will happen to place before scheduled date. One of the main objectives is to preserve the vaginal.Which is common since once you give childbirth the body goes through changes? Like there are signs that one can experience when having a vaginal birth like feeling an unconfined leakage of urine even not able to control your bowel movements which result from vaginal birth. When having Contractions during labor there are signs which can cause severe distress, which many of us would choose to avoid if possible. Additionally, though the soreness after a Cesarean is far worse than the aching and soreness following a vaginal delivery because the incision has to heal and you’ll be sore.If the avoidance can be allowed this will enable a better child birth and on the other hand there may be times that other methods may be necessary. There may be certain times that a different birthing method may help prevent complications due to me dical reasons like a baby that is in a breech position or when a mother and a baby are having complications such as hypertension, diabetes, STD’s, herpes, and HIV. These methods can have severe difficulty and emotional although doctors agree to these methods they can have serious birthing complications due to medical and family history .They have tremendous complications and different emotional and physical effects and should be taken into consideration and should be consulted with a medical professional. Also C- sections are done in a life-saving surgical procedure that saves the lives of many babies and their mothers, doctors give their medical input on how women should give birth. The cons of cesarean is that many cesarean sections are unnecessary and how the average hospital charges are much greater for cesarean than vaginal birth, and may offer hospitals scope scope for rofit. Many cesarean sections are unnecessary hospital charges are much and how sections are unnecessa ry and how costly for cesarean than vaginal birth. Women who have cesarean need to stay in the hospital for more days to make sure the mothers are healing correctly and to be able to get to their normal route and also a cesarean can take longer to feel back to themselves. There are increased risks of breathing problems for the baby that have been shown through the process of labor and vaginal deliveries and that it helps babies' lungs evelop so that as soon as they are born, they can breathe on their own. Without going through labor, babies after planned C- sections are more likely to suffer from respiratory distress syndrome or other breathing complications. Premature babies are also more likely to have breathing problems due to incompletely developed lungs. One way to reduce the chances of this is to be sure to schedule the C-section for no earlier than 39 weeks of pregnancy. There are always certain risks in some pregnancies. If a woman plans to have more than one child, it is mp ortant to know that having a C-section for the first baby most likely guarantees that the rest of the children will be delivered by C-section. After each operation, the body forms scar tissue or adhesions during the healing process. This makes each subsequent surgery that much more difficult and more risky. Therefore, C-sections by choice are not the ideal solution for every woman. Reference http://www. livestrong. com/article/12132-cesarean-section-choice-pros-cons/#ixzz22j4e6kPf http://www. ehow. com/about_6632752_child-rearing-practices. html#ixzz22iip5Vts Methods of Birth Assesstment Damien Gatson Psy -225 Human sexuality Jimletta Vareena-Thomas August 05, 2012 Methods of Birth Assessment Childrearing is the one of the most crucial times in a mother’s and father’s life and is An journey into parenthood that finally turns into a journey of becoming an adult. The Child birthing practice allows us to decide on which birth methods we prefer, but some childbearing are not by choice. There are much that has been written about childbearing practices, whether it; the wrong way or the right way, which also chosen by different culture.Personally child bearing changes have changed and are unalike in different cultures. There are some differences that are quite intemperate and obvious whereas others are definitely more subtle, despite there are apparent differences, and there are similarities that are inherent when it comes to giving birth. The delivery of a baby is one of life’s most valuable moments, and the view of a new life. Labor can also be an unp leasant, painful, and can bring the feasibility of difficulty or problem for both mother and baby. The birthing of a baby is a process that requires intervention from a medical rofessional facility which help guide the mother through labor and delivery. That’s why they have different methods of birth assessment that is out there like vaginal birth and cesarean which are both done in the hospitals or birthing centers. It is very important to always be ready and make preparations, to prepare a birth plan before coming to the hospital and let the staff be aware of your preference of choices. Sometimes prior to your arrival there or a written birth method plan that might be pre-approved by your OB-GYN due to certain health issues, to ease he stress for the mother and her baby during labor. There is no guaranteed way to fore see the future or what the birthing will be like no matter which choice is selected. That is why it is important to think about all or questions on the list a nd things that are important to you in making any health care decision unless otherwise. Like natural birth for most upcoming mothers, a natural birth help increase The probability of a healthier and easier recovery, which can be caused by post-intervention. The positive part of natural child birth allows for the baby and the mother to experience a atural birth also help reduces the exposure to all the narcotics drugs, being hook up with IV lines, or headache and backache due to a possible side effect of epidurals that is given through labor. Also the pros with natural childbirth also lessen the likelihood of separating the mother from her child allows the mother and the infant to have a natural bond and being able to have immediate contact and have a successful breastfeeding bond after giving birth. The most important event that your partner can be involved in the process to help guide you with breathing exercises, and visualization.The cons of natural childbirth is experiencing th e Natural childbirth which is painful, and a scary experience which does not eliminate pain and allows the mothers to feel very connected with childbirth from the pushing that comes with the labor The only choices that the mothers have Is the choice of the different breathing techniques, certain meditation, and changing of their positions to help lighten the pain that they feel during delivering. Natural labor can lead to longer intense labor which most mothers have low toleration for pain and causes weakness through the process of pushing and affect both the other and the baby with complication situations and loss of blood. The other form of birth methods has some benefits of planning a C-section which knows the scheduled date ahead of time from your Ob-Gyn. Also for those mothers who look forward to this special day, but also being prepared, a having scheduling a Cesarean until instead of waiting to go into labor which can make childbirth seem much more can make child more easy. S ince there is no way to control the act of natural labor will happen to place before scheduled date. One of the main objectives is to preserve the vaginal.Which is common since once you give childbirth the body goes through changes? Like there are signs that one can experience when having a vaginal birth like feeling an unconfined leakage of urine even not able to control your bowel movements which result from vaginal birth. When having Contractions during labor there are signs which can cause severe distress, which many of us would choose to avoid if possible. Additionally, though the soreness after a Cesarean is far worse than the aching and soreness following a vaginal delivery because the incision has to heal and you’ll be sore.If the avoidance can be allowed this will enable a better child birth and on the other hand there may be times that other methods may be necessary. There may be certain times that a different birthing method may help prevent complications due to me dical reasons like a baby that is in a breech position or when a mother and a baby are having complications such as hypertension, diabetes, STD’s, herpes, and HIV. These methods can have severe difficulty and emotional although doctors agree to these methods they can have serious birthing complications due to medical and family history .They have tremendous complications and different emotional and physical effects and should be taken into consideration and should be consulted with a medical professional. Also C- sections are done in a life-saving surgical procedure that saves the lives of many babies and their mothers, doctors give their medical input on how women should give birth. The cons of cesarean is that many cesarean sections are unnecessary and how the average hospital charges are much greater for cesarean than vaginal birth, and may offer hospitals scope scope for rofit. Many cesarean sections are unnecessary hospital charges are much and how sections are unnecessa ry and how costly for cesarean than vaginal birth. Women who have cesarean need to stay in the hospital for more days to make sure the mothers are healing correctly and to be able to get to their normal route and also a cesarean can take longer to feel back to themselves. There are increased risks of breathing problems for the baby that have been shown through the process of labor and vaginal deliveries and that it helps babies' lungs evelop so that as soon as they are born, they can breathe on their own. Without going through labor, babies after planned C- sections are more likely to suffer from respiratory distress syndrome or other breathing complications. Premature babies are also more likely to have breathing problems due to incompletely developed lungs. One way to reduce the chances of this is to be sure to schedule the C-section for no earlier than 39 weeks of pregnancy. There are always certain risks in some pregnancies. If a woman plans to have more than one child, it is mp ortant to know that having a C-section for the first baby most likely guarantees that the rest of the children will be delivered by C-section. After each operation, the body forms scar tissue or adhesions during the healing process. This makes each subsequent surgery that much more difficult and more risky. Therefore, C-sections by choice are not the ideal solution for every woman. Reference http://www. livestrong. com/article/12132-cesarean-section-choice-pros-cons/#ixzz22j4e6kPf http://www. ehow. com/about_6632752_child-rearing-practices. html#ixzz22iip5Vts

The eNotes Blog Rolling in the Big Bucks! (Just Kidding) A Snapshot of AcademicSalaries

Rolling in the Big Bucks! (Just Kidding) A Snapshot of AcademicSalaries Over the past several months, there has been much talk about how teachers make a heck of a lot of money. I read and listened to several of these reports as I waited for the water to boil for my ramen noodles. This week, the Chronicle of Higher Education released data showing the average salaries of professors from hundreds of academic institutions across the nation- from tenured profs at private institutions that grant doctoral degrees, to adjuncts who teach at community colleges. Not surprisingly, private universities like Harvard, Columbia, and Princeton offered the highest paying positions, averaging a nice $190k or so per year. Professors at the top levels of public universities earn about a third less than their private counterparts. Of course, these positions are few and far between. Most professors work in lower tiered schools. The average for these colleges ranges from about $87k for a tenured professor to around $40k for a professor of no rank (adjuncts). While the highest paying schools certainly provide a nice living for their professors, even they fall far below what those individuals might be earning in the non-academic world. In fact, that is probably true of an academic on any rung of the teaching ladder. Where does your school fall in the salary range? Read the full report here. If you are considering teaching, does this information change your mind at all? While its true that no one goes into teaching for the money, the reality is quite eye-opening, to say the least.

Paper 1

Paper 1 Paper 1 Lana Georges Mr. Bronsted ENC 1102 22 January 2105 Sex and Power â€Å"Female Chauvinist Pigs† by Ariel Levy is a compelling piece of writing composed in the point of view of a feminist. It presents the argument that women are altering their perspectives to relate to those of a man in order to become more successful in the world. Levy creatively provides multiple accounts of â€Å"loophole women,† women that play by men’s rules to gain power, to show the way that women have become more than accepting of raunch culture, a culture of ideas that include strippers, Playboy, and Juggies. These are the women that Levy is referring to as the Female Chauvinist Pigs (FCP), those who think and act â€Å"not like other women† but instead â€Å"like a man.† The existence of Female Chauvinist Pigs can be attributed to previously strong societal traditions, however, the world has made some progress and women can and need to embrace their femininity to become successful using their own set of skills. In order to t horoughly show how the Female Chauvinist Pigs feel about themselves and others, Levy presents the accounts of multiple people’s thoughts on topics such as raunch culture and loophole women. She talks to three women, Sherry, Anyssa, and Rachel, who collectively accept the idea of the FCP and embody its practices. For example, they â€Å"share a taste for raunch: Maxim, porn, Howard Stern, Playboy, you name it,† (269) and view strippers as being sexually liberated. They also show a disdain for girly-girls, women that are overly fixated on their feminine appearance. Levy includes, â€Å"The task then is to simultaneously show that you are not the same as the girly-girls†¦but that you approve of men’s appreciation for them, and that possibly you too have some of that sexy energy and underwear underneath all your aggression and wit† (270). To truly be seen as a Female Chauvinist Pig, a woman has to be able to take in all these factors and use them for her benefit. Though chauvinistic ideas have much improved since earlier days, women are still perceived as slightly lesser than men. Levy writes, â€Å"But if you are the exception that proves the rule, and the rule is that women are inferior, you haven't made any progress† (278). This seems to be making the argument that if a woman shies away from the ideas of true feminism, then she hasn’t â€Å"made any progress† in overcoming the negative judgments that society has portrayed against women. Going back in history, it can be seen that society has had a tradition of viewing the male species as the more dominant one while their female counterparts were made to play a docile and submissive role. Due to the fact that this idea had been instilled all around the world for centuries, it seems to be almost difficult for people now to fully embrace the notion that women are not inferior to men. History has played an immense role in the creation of the Female Chauvinist Pig. Along with the previous power division between genders, general characteristics such as confidence and leadership are still correlated with being those of a man and therefore the idea of the Female Chauvinist Pig is reinforced. Levy states, â€Å"Women who’ve wanted to be perceived as powerful have long found it more efficient to identify with men than to try and elevate the entire female sex to their level† (268). FCPs accomplish this by embodying the ideologies of men and disregarding their feminine side, which proves the point that women are still seen as inferior. Becoming an FCP can be seen as an alternative road to success as women are acting in the way that the people in charge would want them to act. Levy compares this to â€Å"acting like a cartoon man†¦ or acting like a cartoon woman† (274). Multiple women have become rather successful using this method, such as Sheila Nevins, who worked in HBO. She was into raunch culture and could identify with m en, allowing herself to gain power and a higher position. However, it should be known that leadership skills are not a

The Rise and Fall of Weimar and the Rise of Hitler

The Rise and Fall of Weimar and the Rise of Hitler Between World War One and Two, Germany experienced several changes in government: from an emperor to democracy to the rise of a new dictator, a FÃ ¼hrer. Indeed, it’s this last leader, Adolf Hitler, who directly began the second of the twentieth century’s two great wars. The German Revolution of 1918-19 Faced with defeat in the First World War, the military leaders of Imperial Germany convinced themselves that a new civilian government would do two things: take the blame for the loss, and persuade the soon to be winners of the war to demand only a moderate punishment. The socialist SDP was invited to form a government and they pursued a moderate course, but as Germany began to fracture under pressure so calls for a full-fledged revolution were demanded by the extreme left. Whether Germany really did experience a revolution in 1918-19, or whether that was defeated is debated. The Creation and Struggle of the Weimar Republic The SDP was running Germany, and they resolved to create a new constitution and republic. This was duly created, based at Weimar because the conditions in Berlin were unsafe, but problems with the allies’ demands in the Treaty of Versailles produced a rocky path, which only got worse in the early 1920s as reparations helped hyperinflation and impending economic collapse. Yet Weimar, with a political system that produced coalition after coalition, survived, and experienced a cultural Golden Age. The Origins of Hitler and the Nazi Party In the chaos following the end of World War One, many fringe parties emerged in Germany. One was investigated by an army man called Hitler. He joined, displayed a talent for demagoguery, and soon took over the Nazi Party and expanded its membership. He might have moved too early believing his Beer Hall Putsch would work, even with Ludendorff on the side, but managed to turn a trial and time in prison into a triumph. By the mid-twenties, he’d resolved to at least start his rise to power semi-legally. The Fall of Weimar and Hitler’s Rise to Power The Golden Age of Weimar was cultural; the economy was still dangerously dependent on American money, and the political system was unstable. When the Great Depression removed the US loans the German economy was crippled, and dissatisfaction with the center parties led to extremists like the Nazis growing in votes. Now the top level of German politics slipped towards the authoritarian government, and democracy failed, all before Hitler managed to exploit violence, despair, fear and political leaders who underestimated him to become Chancellor. Treaty of Versailles and Hitler The Treaty of Versailles was long blamed for leading directly to the Second World War, but this is now considered an overstatement. Nevertheless, it’s possible to argue several aspects of the Treaty did contribute to Hitler’s rise to power. The Creation of the Nazi Dictatorship By 1933 Hitler was Chancellor of Germany, but was far from secure; in theory, President Hindenburg could sack him whenever he wanted. Within months he had wrecked the constitution and established a powerful, gripping dictatorship thanks to violence and the final act of political suicide from the opposition parties. Hindenburg then died, and Hitler combined his job with the presidency to create a FÃ ¼hrer. Hitler would now reshape all areas of German life.

Managing In a Global Environment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing In a Global Environment - Coursework Example Higgins’ turning point, according to Prescott, had to do with his marriage to a Japanese woman, which pulled him further into the Japanese culture. Prescott believed that success as an international executive involved blending the home viewpoint and comprehension of foreign culture. This paper aims to discuss the nature of this managerial problem, give alternative solutions to the problem and finally give recommendations on how to deal with the problem. The major conflict between Leonard Prescott and his assistant, Higgins John, comes from the fact that while Prescott is an international businessman possessing over twenty five years of experience at Weaver, Higgins is relatively young and has more attachment to Japan. Prescott has spent most of his time in various countries such as the Philippines, India, and Mexico, as well as years spent at the company’s US international division. He believed that the American way was best, an ethnocentric attitude that was in stark c ontrast to Higgins. Higgins was more attached to Japan and even involved himself in the lives of his employees and his Japanese neighbors. Higgins preferred to use his fully paid leave to visit remote areas in Japan, instead of returning to the United States. Prescott followed an entirely different behavioral practice, preferring to keep his distance from the Japanese. As an experienced businessman from the US, he preferred to maintain a distance between him and his subordinates. His viewpoint was that the personal life of employees must not be mixed with their professional life and that the employees doing so were engaging in time-wasting activities, including Higgins. Prescott is also not in favor of the decentralized decision making approach adopted by Higgins that included employee suggestions in management policies. Higgins, on the other hand, does not believe in power distance. Rather, he insists on consultation and maintenance of employee relationships. Higgins’ approa ch led to him vehemently rejecting the dismissal of one manager who apparently lacked initiative, general competency and leadership. Prescott’s attitude focuses on individualism and personal performance while Higgins leant more towards a collective workplace atmosphere. Higgins was also more trusting of his Japanese employees than Prescott, and thus, laid down contingency plans for future failure. As the Weaver Corporate Manager, it is vital that people have a good working relationship in the workplace to achieve the organization’s objectives (Daft, 2012: p23). Therefore, where the conflict between Higgins and Prescott is concerned, it is vital that it is determined immediately in order to ensure the entire organization runs smoothly. First, Higgins and Prescott should forge a mutual understanding fast. Higgins must not forget that he represents the American parent company, and not his attachment to the people and culture of Japan. Prescott, on the other hand, needs to understand that all employees need to work in a happy environment rather than being made to work for a rigid autocratic structure. To achieve this, Prescott needs to manage change at Weaver, as well as mange the conflict arising from these changes. Both Higgins and Prescott need to be more effective in their various management abilities. The following section puts,

The evolution of the oil and gas technology policy Research Paper

The evolution of the oil and gas technology policy - Research Paper Example Canada is one such country, which has an immense endowment of oil as well as natural gas resources, and by extracting, refining and also transporting these resources, it is not only providing high number jobs to its citizens but also strongly contributing to its economy as well as trade balance. Although, these oil and gas deposits have naturally developed more than a billion years ago, it is due to the expertise as well as technology adoption of the Canadians, they are able to effectively extract it, process it, transport it and achieve success. From finding the first deposits in 1850s to the current optimum expansion throughout Canada, oil and gas companies with the support of the government are carrying out extensive operations, both onshore as well as offshore. The support of the government is critical because with all the oil and gas resources belonging to the Federal government, their laws and policies plays a key role in the tapping of these oil and gas resources, particularly in the usage of technology. With government policies and use of technology being interrelated, the focus will be on how the evolution of the Canadian oil and gas sector and the resultant formulation of policies have impacted and still impacting the evolution of the oil and gas technology polici es as well. The Canadian crude oil and gas industry had its origins in 1850, when James Miller Williams, a carriage maker from Hamilton, Ontario, â€Å"dug and drilled the first commercial oil wells in southwestern Ontario and established North America’s first integrated oil company.† (Bott & Carson, 2012).The other key fuel of the petroleum era, natural gas, was first discovered in New Brunswick in 1859, with Eugene Coste, an entrepreneur, being the first Canadian to find and develop natural gas resources on a large scale, first in Ontario and later in Alberta. (Bott & Carson, 2012). From those humble beginnings, Canada has

What Makes for a Good Cut Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What Makes for a Good Cut - Essay Example The example shown on the film pertains to the film â€Å"Jaws† where editing made the shark scenes more realistic and believable, and it elicited fear from the audience because the scenes were cut just in the right places where the fake shark wouldn’t be seen as a fake one but a real one. Another thing the editor considers is the shot which is being used. A good editor knows when a long shot or a close-up would be appropriate, or whether the focus on one actor or the other would be better enhanced. Melodramas made ample use of the close-ups during the early years of film, and this practice has been adapted to focus on the element of emotions up to now. There is also the aspect of the fluid movement. The editor is concerned with the fluidity of movement from one scene to the next. In old films as well as in recent ones, there are scenes where a long shot is made which cuts to a next frame which utilizes a much closer shot. The fluid movement from one frame to the next is the handiwork of the editor and the almost invisible cut in between determines how skillfully the editor performs his craft. A good editor also knows how to maximize the use of sounds and images to get the film’s message across. During early times, films were used for purposes of propaganda and in influencing people. Whether it is suspense, action, comedy, drama, an erotic film or a horror flick, the editor knows the exact sound and image to show the audience so that they are moved to respond in a certain way.  

Business Report about Dental coverage In Australia Assignment

Business Report about Dental coverage In Australia - Assignment Example The rising problem of getting timely dental treatment and increase in expenditures of the individuals has led to the intervention of the government in terms of increase in fund allocation and grant of licenses to more number of private insurers. The increase in the dental coverage in Australia has led to the rise in availability and affordability of dental care treatment for the people of Australia. The various schemes launched by the government focused on the fissure sealants for children. These are dental treatment procedures where the teeth of the children are covered by a sealed coating in order to prevent damage in future. The fissure salient for children has helped to reduce the carryover of dental problems to adulthood. Various recommendations for addressing the dental problems and role of the dental coverage in Australia have been mentioned. The inclusion of specialized schemes for children in the coverage provided by the private insurers to the Australian people would help t o mitigate the dental problems in future. The awareness programs run in the schools and the communities would help to address the problem in an inclusive manner. Discussion of Contributing Facts Dental coverage and care is associated to the physical, mental and social well being of the children and adults in the society. The Australian system of dental coverage is dominated by 90% of the players representing the private sector. Thus the Australian people tend to remain in the waiting list in terms of receiving timely treatment from the public sector. The rise in the number of patients in the domain of dental care is also due to untimely receipt of dental coverage and treatment from the childhood which is in turn carried over by the time the children grows into matured adults (Australian Dental Association, 2013, p.17). Due to the lack of treatment of the dental problems in the public sector due to shortage of trained medical staffs over a period of time, the major problem generally arise due to dislocation of teeth, inappropriate fitting of dentures, etc. This leads to increase in cost of treatment on dental care for which dental coverage has attained huge significance in the recent times (Consumer Health Forum of Australia, 2012, p.2). A quick look at the contributing facts could provide a clear idea on the scope of dental coverage in Australia. Neglect in dental hygiene in the childhood leading to carryover of dental problems in adulthood. Untimely dental treatment due to increase in waiting list in the public sector (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2011, p.34). Increasing cost of dental care due to dislocation of teeth, inaccurate filing of teeth and mistake in fitting of denture. Absence of adequate trained dental staffs in the public sector facilities leading to dependence on the private sector. Discussion of the problem The increase in the cases of dental care, increase in the public sector waiting list for dental treatment and increasing cos t of the Australian people led to the intervention of the government to solve the rising need for dental care and coverage. The expenditure of the government increased from $5.3 billion in 2005-06 to $7.8 billion in 2010-11 (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2011, p.49). The break-up of the contributions of the governments,

Information System Project Management Research Paper

Information System Project Management - Research Paper Example Week 10 Week 11 Testing Testing Testing Week 12 Week 13 Coding Week 14 Week 15 Testing Coding Week 16 Testing Testing Week 17 Coding Coding Coding Week 18 Testing Testing Testing Week 19 Week 20 Write a memo to Tom Jones explaining if john can or cannot meet Tom's goal of five Months. Inter office Memo From: Project Manager To: Accounts Manager I am attaching the project schedule with this IOM. Please go through it. Here I want to inform you that according to this project schedule we can complete this project in given time of five months. To complete this project within the time limit, we need your support and co-operation time to time. John Price Project Manager How Should John ensure that the project is completed on time as determine by the network Is there any way the time for the project can be shortened Using this project schedule john can easily ensure that project can be completed on time. For completing the project on time from networks point of view, John need to focus on the work done by networking department. Because in the project schedule only the network manager has a longer lead time to complete this project. Network manager is taking 13 weeks for completing its work. Any delay in networking work may cause delay of the project. To avoid delay in networking John has to ensure that each & every activity scheduled in project should complete on time. If there are some problem in completing an activity, then early decision are to be made to rectify the problem. John should make a grid on a paper and keep this paper on his table every time. After completing of activity John can tick on the grid and can have a overview on the complete project. Yes, the project time...Network manager is taking 13 weeks for completing its work. Any delay in networking work may cause delay of the project. To avoid delay in networking John has to ensure that each & every activity scheduled in project should complete on time. If there are some problem in completing an activity, then early decision are to be made to rectify the problem. John should make a grid on a paper and keep this paper on his table every time. After completing of activity John can tick on the grid and can have a overview on the complete project. Yes, the project time can shortened if the design the network changes can be completed in one week instead of two weeks, if the cabling can be completed in one week instead of two weeks, if the quotation open can be completed in 4 weeks instead of five weeks. So over all three weeks can be free if we shorten only three activities. So if we keep concentrate on each an every activity then only the project can be complete early. Raw Material: There should be some procedure of quality control to check the incoming material. If the incoming material is of good quality then obliviously the final product will be made of good quality. There may procedure to test the incoming material in quality control department. Machines: The maintenance of machine should be on time, so that they will not malfunction during the project work.

Using the Concept of Network Externalities in Detecting Monopolistic Essay

Using the Concept of Network Externalities in Detecting Monopolistic Practices as in the Case of Microsoft Company - Essay Example they are connected in a virtual network. Examples of compatible products are computer hardware and software, phonographs and records, and television sets and programing. In extreme cases, network externalities may cause markets to fail as when an inferior product ‘tips’ the network towards adopting it over a superior product because it arrived first (Page & Lopatka, 1999, p.955). A market is said to have ‘tipped’ when it settles on a single standard for a product, such as software platforms (p.960). Proposition: ‘Microsoft acted illegally to extend its monopoly power.’ Corporate acts deemed anticompetitive are those that foster competition not on the merits, and lead to insufficient distribution compensation. An example is when a sufficiently large number of distributors agree to exclusivity over a sufficiently lengthy period, because this tends to drive rival firms out of the market. Distributors who have not by then signed up with the dominant firm will then have to pay a monopoly price (Rasmusen, Ramseyer & Wiley, 1991). Microsoft, as dominant firm intending to defend its market position, undertook four actions with regard to Internet Explorer (IE) vis-a-vis original dominant browser, Netscape Navigator: (1) Microsoft invested massively in browser technology; (2) IE was zero-priced; (3) Microsoft signed exclusive distribution contract with Internet access providers; and (4) Microsoft bundled IE with Windows. The court found that investment in browser technology and zero pricing were not uncompetitive, but declared exclusive distribution contracts and tying or bundling arrangements as uncompetitive (Klein, 2001, pp.46-47). Arguments in favor of illegality Microsoft engaged in actively ‘tipping’ the market, thus preventing the adoption of what could...This paper offers a comprehensive review of the concept of network externalities and its practical applications in helping to detect the uncompetitive actions f rom companies. Using the example of the Microsoft company, the essay exhibits its possible excessive use of dominant market position, through the help of provisions of network externalities theory In separate cases, governments (the US and EU) and attorneys in class action suits claimed that Microsoft’s contracts with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) were exclusionary and anticompetitive, thereby maintaining its operating system (OS) and later its internet browser. These allegedly caused consumers to pay higher prices, discouraged innovation, and restricted trade in violation of the Sherman Act. Microsoft countered that it was not a monopoly because it still faced strong competition in a dynamic industry; its success was procompetitive because consumers benefited from its software distribution; and imposition of antitrust remedies would reduce innovation instead of encouraging it. Corporate acts deemed anticompetitive are those that foster competition not on the merits, and lead to insufficient distribution compensation. Microsoft’s OS provided a platform with network and family effects, and its contracts, while exhibiting some arguably anticompetitive characteristics such as imposing penalties, also includes terms that provide exceptional value to its customers that, as in the case of AOL, tangibly improve their businesses.

Information System Project Management Research Paper

Information System Project Management - Research Paper Example Week 10 Week 11 Testing Testing Testing Week 12 Week 13 Coding Week 14 Week 15 Testing Coding Week 16 Testing Testing Week 17 Coding Coding Coding Week 18 Testing Testing Testing Week 19 Week 20 Write a memo to Tom Jones explaining if john can or cannot meet Tom's goal of five Months. Inter office Memo From: Project Manager To: Accounts Manager I am attaching the project schedule with this IOM. Please go through it. Here I want to inform you that according to this project schedule we can complete this project in given time of five months. To complete this project within the time limit, we need your support and co-operation time to time. John Price Project Manager How Should John ensure that the project is completed on time as determine by the network Is there any way the time for the project can be shortened Using this project schedule john can easily ensure that project can be completed on time. For completing the project on time from networks point of view, John need to focus on the work done by networking department. Because in the project schedule only the network manager has a longer lead time to complete this project. Network manager is taking 13 weeks for completing its work. Any delay in networking work may cause delay of the project. To avoid delay in networking John has to ensure that each & every activity scheduled in project should complete on time. If there are some problem in completing an activity, then early decision are to be made to rectify the problem. John should make a grid on a paper and keep this paper on his table every time. After completing of activity John can tick on the grid and can have a overview on the complete project. Yes, the project time...Network manager is taking 13 weeks for completing its work. Any delay in networking work may cause delay of the project. To avoid delay in networking John has to ensure that each & every activity scheduled in project should complete on time. If there are some problem in completing an activity, then early decision are to be made to rectify the problem. John should make a grid on a paper and keep this paper on his table every time. After completing of activity John can tick on the grid and can have a overview on the complete project. Yes, the project time can shortened if the design the network changes can be completed in one week instead of two weeks, if the cabling can be completed in one week instead of two weeks, if the quotation open can be completed in 4 weeks instead of five weeks. So over all three weeks can be free if we shorten only three activities. So if we keep concentrate on each an every activity then only the project can be complete early. Raw Material: There should be some procedure of quality control to check the incoming material. If the incoming material is of good quality then obliviously the final product will be made of good quality. There may procedure to test the incoming material in quality control department. Machines: The maintenance of machine should be on time, so that they will not malfunction during the project work.

Belonging Related Text Essay Example for Free

Belonging Related Text Essay George Orwell’s essays – related text ‘Marrakech’ explores the notion of ethnocentricity through a Eurocentric perspective, in which one is isolated at the consequence of differing morels. Orwell succeeds in doing so through various anecdotes â€Å"What does Morocco mean to a Frenchman? An orange-grove or a job in government service. † In essence this displays the failure of a migrant to withhold a deeper connection to the land. Orwell emotively describes the crippled elderly women who â€Å"answered with a shrill wail, almost a scream, which was partly gratitude but mainly surprise†, as a response to the charity he provided her with. The dramatic reaction displays her sense of alienation from her own homeland, at fault of those who are foreign, yet awfully powerful. This is furthered through the description of â€Å"the shy, wide-eyed Negro† where through his ignorance, he â€Å"has been taught that the white race are his masters, and still believes it. † A sense of melancholy pervades this essay through the harsh truth â€Å"How much longer can we go on kidding these people? † displaying the indigenous peoples disconnection to a place that was originally theirs. While ‘Marrakech’ explores the notion that one does not belong to their homeland. This is juxtaposed through ‘Shooting an Elephant’ with Orwell’s alternative experience of belonging. Through Orwell’s ambivalence we see the highly controversial understanding of â€Å"the hollowness.. of the white man’s dominion in the East. † It is ironic that a â€Å"sub-divisional police officer† should feel self-conscious with such authority. Controversially he â€Å"was all for the Burmese† juxtaposed to the grotesque imagery of his deepest desire to â€Å"drive a bayonet into a Buddhist priest’s guts.

The Challenge of motivating employees

The Challenge of motivating employees Challenge of motivating employees Organization has been deemed to be the strength of any viable business. The more organized and efficient the different components in the business are, the better it functions. The breaking down of tasks associated with each component in a particular organizational system has now led to the concept of job design or performance charters. Motivation is simply a process which encourages and guides behavior. Robbins and Judge define motivation as, â€Å"the process that accounts for an individuals intensity, direction, and persistence of effort towards attaining a goal†. Motivation therefore, is a goal directed behavior with factors which energize, direct and sustain employee behavior. Laurie J. Mullins (2007) states that, â€Å"the relationship between the organization and its employees is influenced by what motivates them to work, the rewards involved and the fulfillment they derive from it†. Employees today are motivated by various things of which some are considered as a needed entity or as a desired. Worldwide, organizations have focused on theories that motivate employees to be the best they can be and most of these theories of motivation have proved to be true to date. Since motivational theories were formulated in the 1950s, they have been divided into two categories; Content theories Process theories Content theories are said to be, â€Å"what motivates people† further explained as what arouses, energizes, or simply starts behavior, i.e. individual physiological and psychological needs and this focus is on internal needs. Motivation results from an individuals attempts to satisfy these needs. 1. Maslows Hierarchy of needs states that; Adult motives are complex Needs form a hierarchy lower needs to be satisfied before higher order needs People always seek growth because they want to move up the hierarchy of needs Research evidence in the Maslows Hierarchy of need theories has been said to be; Flexible hierarchy of needs Satisfaction of one need level may not decrease its importance and increase importance of the next need level It has also been found that needs vary according to; The size of the organization A persons career stage Geographical location Across cultures By employing Maslows Hierarchy of needs, several managerial implications exist; Physiological needs food and wages Safety needs a working environment that is safe as well as job security Social needs opportunity to interact, teamwork Esteem needs recognition, challenging tasks, status symbols and participation Self-actualization encourages creativity and innovation 2. Herzbergs two factor theory encompasses dual factor motivation-hygiene as it portrays two different factors. Hygiene factors: related to the context of the job Motivational factors: related to the content of the job Research in the 1950 Herzbergs two factor theory asked people to describe situations in which they found their job exceptionally good or bad. Research conclusion; Job satisfaction intrinsic factors. Builds high level of motivation and stimulates superior performance. Dissatisfaction extrinsic factors. Environmental as well as external factors to the job build a zero level of motivation if maintained. Herzbergs two factor theory research evidence also states that the theory fails to; Account for individual differences Link motivation and needs to both satisfaction and performance Consider cultural and professional differences 3. Alderfers ERG theory was developed by Clayton Alderfer and his theory collapses Maslows five categories into three categories: existence needs, relatedness needs and growth needs. ERG theory states that more than one need category may be activated at the same time. Existence needs the desire for physiological and material well-being Relatedness needs desire to satisfy interpersonal relationships Growth needs desire for continued personal growth and development The ERG theory research evidence is encouraging because it offers a more flexible approach to understanding human needs. The comparison of content theories is very interesting to analyze as it gives a more precise breakdown of theories put together. Figure 1 below is a depiction of all three theories put together. Herzberg Maslow Alderfer Higher order Intrinsic Needs Motivation Lower order Extrinsic Needs Motivation Process theories are focused on the cognitive process that influences behavior, i.e. Why an individual behaves in a particular manner and specifically deals with ‘how to motivate. This process illustrates how people choose behaviors to satisfy their needs. Victor Vrooms expectancy theory states that a persons motivation is a multiplicative function of expectancy, instrumentality and valence. Expectancy is the probability assigned by an individual that work effort will be followed by a given level of task accomplishment. -Instrumentality is the probability assigned by an individual that a given level of achieved task performance will lead to various work outcomes. -Valence is defined as the value attached by an individual to various work outcomes. Vrooms expectancy theory has various implications as regards motivation. -Motivation is sharply reduced when expectancy, instrumentality or valence approach zero. -Motivation is high when expectancy and instrumentality are high and valence is strongly positive. The expectancy theory has been seen to have managerial implications where as managers should be seen to act to maximize expectancies, instrumentalities and valence that support various organizational objectives. Research evidence on the expectancy theory has received substantial empirical support though the multiplier effect is subject to some question. It may also be useful to distinguish between extrinsic and intrinsic rewards. The expectancy theory does not specify which rewards will motivate particular groups of employees thereby allowing for cross-cultural differences. Lastly, the Porter Lawler model tries to establish a relationship between the efforts, performance and satisfaction of an individual. The most important variables in this model include effort, performance, rewards and satisfaction. In todays digital age, a large number of employees are well educated to some acceptable standard and for that most demand a reasonable salary as well as worthwhile working conditions. As motivation has conformed to some socially acceptable standards of behavior, it has been assumed to be an individual perspective. Every individual is unique because we have different desires, potential, values, goals and attitudes. The most important aspect that most employees are concerned with is their needs and wants. Todays managers have a challenge or the opportunity to influence the motivation of their employees through the design of their performance charters. Well outlined performance charters help accomplish two important goals: getting the necessary work done in a timely and competent manner, motivating and challenging employees. Both the organization as well as the employee is a beneficiary of a successfully done performance charter. Performance charter is the specification of the contents, methods and the counter relationship of jobs to fulfill organizational requirements. Mostly, employees are motivated when they are lead to accomplishments of which they can proud whilst recognizing what they have done. Warren Blank (2001) states that, â€Å"a motivational environment enables people to feel like winners†. Todays performing managers have the responsibility of designing employee performance charters. If a manager ignores this responsibility, employees will definitely design their own. It wouldnt be a surprise to see that performance charters designed by employees are more likely to be adjusted to their experiences and preferences than to the goals of the organization. It has been said once before that you cannot motivate anyone but you can provide the environment in which they can grow to their full potential. Management by objectives (MBO), â€Å"is a style or system of management that attempts to relate organizational goals to individual performance and development through the involvement of all levels of management†, encompasses time period with feedback as well as goal progression. According to Laurrie J. Mullins, the phrase ‘Management by Objectives (MBO) was first introduced by Peter Drucker in 1954 as a strategy for managing people whilst focusing on teamwork based on their ability to complete individual as well as team goals. MBOs have been seen to be effective as it helps in the alignment of an employees efforts around an organizations collective objectives. The MBO process begins with an organization defining its objectives. This is where the process of strategic planning, goal setting, visioning which generates from its process a set of objectives that the organization should always strive to achieve. The main principal underlining Management by Objectives is mainly to create empowered employees who will have clarity of the roles and responsibility expected from them, and once the objectives set are understood, it helps in the achievement of personal as well as organizational goals. Some advantages of MBO include specifically ‘clarity of goals. With clarity of goals, came the birth of SMART goals concept which Intel Specific various key factors should be present in the set objectives for them to be effective. This is where the word ‘specific is outlined because this simply describes specifically the desired results. Measurable This simply states that the objectives should be clear as to whether the objectives were met. Achievable when objectives are set, it should be seen that they are achievable. Realistic Realistic objectives in its own right is explained as goals or objectives that can be achieved coupled with the tools at an employees disposal to achieve the said objectives. Time based time based simply means a set objective has a time frame attached to it which acts as a guideline. SMART objectives ensure the delivery of greater results because they clearly and specifically address performance goals rather than broad emotions or behaviors. This concept also requires that objectives are created in collaboration with supervisors so as to be aware of their subordinates goals and supportive of their completion as well as ongoing tracking and feedback in the process to reach desired objectives. As noted in Robbins and judge, â€Å"MBO popularity should not be construed to mean that it always works†. This is normally as a result of lack of commitment by management as well as the inability in allocation of rewards based on accomplished objectives. Management by Objectives therefore, can be as a process of determining exactly what an employee is to do on the job, the tasks, duties, responsibilities, decision-making and the level of authority. The challenge being faced by managers now is that of employing the new strategies with all its opportunities in ways which not only meet an organizations needs but also the expectations as well as aspirations of the employees. Dennys Restaurant review Leadership Qualities â€Å"If you can become the leader you ought to be on the inside, you will be able to become the person you want on the outside. People will want to follow you, and when that happens you will be able to tackle anything in this world.† John Maxwell We at Dennys are constantly striving to identify quality minority and women businesses to support the needs of our company. Because we see diversity as an asset, we will attract and develop talent from the full range of the worlds rich cultural base. Dennys Vision mission. Despite having a clearly stated vision and mission, its management failed to publicly communicate the causes of the discrimination incidences they were amassed with as well as the actions Dennys management was taking to counter check the reoccurrence of those incidents. A leader is said to be an individual with suitable knowledge and desirable skills to lead groups to achieve their goals willingly. It is noted in Lasting Leadership that, â€Å"the spirit of the people† is a big part of what management experts mean when they talk about corporate culture. The beliefs and values that guide employee behavior can improve performance by motivating workers toward a common goal and instilling in them a sense of purpose. There are several indicators, which can help us to outline the strength of our leadership. The most important leadership quality that one needs to exhibit in todays world is ‘honesty. A leader should always be honest to his task, his products or services, his people and most importantly to his customers. This quality of leadership should not only exist but also should be seen to exist in by all stakeholders in the organization. John C. Maxwell in an extract of his book by George Wells states that, â€Å"while leaders need to connect publicly with large groups of people, the same thing needs to happen on a one-to-one basis between individuals. Maxwell tells how his staff used to groan when he would say People dont care how much you know until they know how much you care because he quoted the saying so often, but it is true. You develop credibility with people when you connect with them and show that you genuinely want to help them. Everybody wants to be somebody† If you treat every person you meet as if he or she were the most important person in the world, youll communicate that he or she is somebody to you. Of course, the respect needs to be genuine at all times otherwise people will rapidly sense that they are being manipulated otherwise. Dennys Restaurant management should have been able to realize that customer complaints are company failures and these require immediate attention. Ultimately, spending money in hopes of making money is an organizations goal but every dollar paid out to offset various customers who were dissatisfied is a signal that an organization must change in some decisive way. The Vidsoft Triangle Every little thing we do has positive, negative or neutral impact on teams motivation. Vidsoft case is one among the few companies that come across case of team based management problems that are faced by employees. Analysis of Vidsoft Vidsoft technologies was an internet company designing enterprise software and in June 1999, its quarterly revenues grew from $50M to over $250M year ending 2000 while employee base rose from 500 to 2,000. Babatunde graduated from Darden graduate of business administration in may 1998. He moved to California to get a job with Vidsoft technologies as senior technical support engineer. Alex Hsu was employed as technical support engineer and reported directly to babatunde. Even though Hsu was not good at team work, he was hired to bring varied culture as well as experience to vidsoft due to his previous record Babatunde made a public decision of promoting one of his engineers to be manager. Hsu reported some displeasure about his new supervisor Jennah Li as she was deemed to be an inexperienced manager and babatunde was unsure of what decision to make as he was the overall among the two despite having fears about taking sides. Keith Nash as CEO of vidsoft developed a culture that encourages its employees to speak their minds as excellence of employees was followed with promotions. Vidsoft as an organization encouraged teamwork and thus were awarded bonuses for collectively working together. Keith Nash believed in the culture of promoting from within as a motivational tool for employees until after vidsoft went public because this brought a mass influx of talent as well as wages became high. Vidsoft ended up falling back on its employees in terms of hiring due to costs so as to train them to keep up with the pace. Babatunde initially employed a micro-management style of management where he kept a close eye on all his employees in hopes that his team succeeds but this had to change as employee numbers rose. He then changed his style of management by using set objectives for each team to achieve desired goals. As babatundes responsibilities grew, he saw it necessary to change his reporting structure to reduce the number of people reporting to him so to manage more effectively. This led to him promoting one of his engineers ‘Jennah Li to manage one of the product lines. Jennah Li in regards to Hsu was hired for her skills in managing customer relations despite English not being her strength; she was awarded for being the best team player. In vidsofts operational history, White was one of the first employers to run the technical support department and set stringent goals to be met by his fellow employees. He took an active role in ensuring that any team under his command did well to meet his standards. James White made a decision to hire babatunde because of his MBA training and trusted him to an extent of giving him all powers to make various decisions affecting the organization with his guidance. THE SOLUTION Babatunde at this point should be able to realize that workplace conflicts and unresolved differences can be the cause of negative performance of teams or generally employees. Furthermore, existing physical and psychological differences can escalate if conflict remains unaddressed by vidsoft managers as well as team members. From the onset, babatunde was aware that Hsu was not a team player and this should have been a starting point of making things clear to him that for him to succeed, he had to work in collaboration with other team members. It was observed that being a team player for Hsu as observed is a road he hasnt travelled and requires some skill and effort from babatunde. Hsu should be made to realize that teamwork is about assuming positive intent and seeing things from all sides in detail. Everyone has unique gifts and abilities. Recognizing these and appreciating them can be very useful especially in the case of two people with different skills because they can complement each other very powerfully when they work together. Its about acknowledging and accepting differences, and exploring alternative solutions that meet everyones needs and concerns as it is important to everyone, and all sides ‘Hsu and Ali need to be committed to the solution. Both parties should agree that the goal is to fix the problem not to assign blame, hurt, humiliate, or threaten the one another. Babatundes job now is to focus on the issue, present and future, and on solutions available. They should be made aware that the situation must change and identify consequences if it does not. Keith Nash as CEO of Vidsoft should make things clear from the onset of employment that individuals are different at times as regards to each others needs. Sometimes workplace issues are evaded or ignored completely but generally, this is not a useful long term solution as the workplace is never small enough to avoid someone completely. Some guidelines should be put in place to for conflict resolution. Every employee upon being taken under vidsoft should be made aware that; Conflict and grievances are present within the workplace Improved communication within the workplace will avoid conflicts Establish performance expectations and consequences if expectations are not met. Lastly Vidsoft should have a written resolution and agreement regarding behavior within the workplace which should be adhered by both the employer as well as the employee. Babatunde should provide the leadership that enables his teams to productively work together and as much as possible, work with employees individually and encourage them to address the conflict directly with each other.

television vs. Reality Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is 8:30 Monday night and the whole family is in the living room watching the Fox network’s primetime hit â€Å"Ally McBeal†. Suddenly, just after the program resumes after a painstakingly long commercial break, you see a man and a woman lying in bed talking to each other after having a night of hot, passionate sex. You look down and see your ten year old son or daughter lying on the floor just staring at the TV, taking it all in. You begin channel surfing, and end up on channel 3, CBS. There is a brand new sitcom being aired called â€Å"Some of My Best Friends†. Almost immediately after you and your family begin viewing this program, two men, both proclaiming to be gay, begin kissing and embracing each other. Upset by all of this â€Å"garbage†, you turn off the TV and decide to try and find something a little more â€Å"educational† to do.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sex. It seems to be everywhere on television today. From sitcoms to reality shows to dramas to soap operas, sex is one of the leading factors in most television programs. A recent study showed that 3 out of 4 primetime programs portray sex in relationships and 68% of all television programs contain sexual content (Cutler, Jacqueline, TVData Features Syndicate March 24,2001). There are exceptions to this, however, with networks occasionally focusing on education and children’s programming, but the mainstream of primetime television programs tends to focus on sex. But how accurate is television’s portrayal of sex in the real world? Does everything turn out like it does on shows such as â€Å"Sex in the City† or â€Å"Temptation Island†? Or are these sexual messages just an obvious ploy to help boost ratings? Recently I have watched several shows I thought would help answer these questions. The programs I have researched are â€Å"Friends †, one of NBC’s highest rated shows, â€Å"Everybody Loves Raymond†, a family sitcom on CBS, and â€Å"Days of Our Lives†, one of NBC’s daytime soap operas. In viewing these shows I hope to compare the key message behind sex and relationships in these programs to real life. I will also compare relationships between love and sex, anger and love, friendship and romantic love, and alternatives to heterosexual relationships.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first television program I researched is the critically acclaimed NBC sitcom, â€Å"Friends†. Upon viewing this show, I fo... ...n an interracial relationship or marriage. This sends the message that people of a certain race or culture should marry someone that is like them. There have been rumors, however, of a new character on â€Å"Friends† that is going to be African-American. If this character does appear, then maybe it will encourage more programs to end endogamy and introduce characters of different race and cultures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The average teen views nearly 15,000 sexual references, innuendoes, and jokes on television every year, according to â€Å"Electronic Babysitter Overexposes Youth to Sex†, a CNN report by Holly Firfer. If these messages are inaccurate, what kind of messages are teens receiving? In the same article, Firfer gave reasons for sex on television. First, Americans seem to eat it up with a spoon. Second, Hollywood has a lack of real writing talent, so why bother with an â€Å"intelligent† story? This seems to be very true, since every year there are more television shows being produced that primarily focus on sex. When will this sexual addiction cease? There is much more in this world than sex, and television should try to portray real life situations as accurately as possible.

Importance of Brackets in Virginia Woolfs To The Lighthouse Essay

Importance of Brackets in To The Lighthouse [Here Mr. Carmichael, who was reading Virgil, blew out his candle. It was midnight.] [Mr. Ramsay, stumbling along a passage one dark morning, stretched his arms out, but Mrs. Ramsay having died rather suddenly the night before, his arms, though stretched out, remained empty.] [Prue Ramsay died that summer in some illness connected with childbirth, which was indeed a tragedy, people said, everything, they said, had promised so well.] [A shell exploded. Twenty or thirty young men were blown up in France, among them Andrew Ramsay, whose death, mercifully, was instantaneous.] [Mr. Carmichael brought out a volume of poems that spring, which had an unexpected success. The war, people said, had revived their interest in poetry.] Â   The text from To The Lighthouse, quoted above, is the sum total of all bracketed asides that appear in the novel's second section, "Time Passes." The compelling question is, why were brackets chosen to emphasize this particular information, and how do the bracketed sections fit in with the rest of the section? Â   Obviously, one purpose of the brackets is to convey personal information about the family in the midst of a narrative dedicated to the empty summer house. Death of a family member occurs in three out of the five sets. This is an effective plot device to fast-forward time and to age the surviving characters. But Woolf's text is not heavily burdened with plot devices, generally. Her prose is whittled to its bare essence. So the brackets must mean more than self-conscious literary trickery. Â   The first and fifth bracket sets are like bookends, both about Mr. Carmichael. In the first, the information about him blo... ...e powerful when read in the midst of the rest of the text, the story of a dying family, a deteriorating house, a falling away of the light from the lighthouse. They also remind the reader that life and death exist beyond places of sentimental houses. The brackets themselves add an emphasis beyond what is possible with a parentheses. Are they as strong as a voice-over would be in a movie? I don't think so. Rather, I imagine them as dialogue, spoken in the voices of children, neighbors, and documents, background noise that add to the overall effect but are only a tiny portion of the text that surrounds them. Â   Works Cited and Consulted Latham, Jacqueline, ed. Critics on Virginia Woolf. Florida: University of Miami Press, 1970. Woolf, Virginia. To the Lighthouse. Introduction by D.M. Hoare, Ph.D. London: J.M. Dent and Sons Ltd., 1960 Â   Â  

Black People and Prejudice Essay

â€Å"Ahhhhhhhh! † I squealed and jumped for joy the moment I dropped the phone. I hurrily scurried over to my mom to share the news. â€Å"Mommy, I got my first job! † This was the stepping stone to me being an independent young woman. I was officially employed at Hollister Co. as a sales model. I was ecstatic and excited to make some money at the tender age of 15. My first week was definitely a learning experience; from learning how to maintain a cash registrar to folding tons of polos and jeans. Soon through this journey, it started to become bittersweet. With three months of being employed, my shifts were diminishing from 4 shifts a week to 1 shift a week. As I looked at the schedule postings for the week, I noticed a trend with the scheduling of the shifts. Ironically, most of the employees that were working more hours and more shifts were white females. I figured it might have something to do with the fact that my supervisor is a white surfer-boy who is infatuated with beach-blonde beauties. However that did not stop me from asking him to put me on the schedule more. Sadly, I resent the day I had asked him. Unfortunately, he felt that I didn’t have the â€Å"natural beachy look† that Hollister Co. was trying to perceive. I am of Malaysian decent and have tan skin color. Hearing that definitely bruised my ego and made me self-conscious about my appearance. I felt this was a tactic for me to quit, and so I did. Over the months I begin to realize that ultimately there will be people in the world that have a perspective of life that I cannot seem to change. I had realized that this was not my fault; it was his own personal judgment that led him to think that. I was treated this way because of how I looked not on who I am. Many people have tried to explain the reasoning of why people are prejudiced and discriminate against one another. Two readings that are eye-openers about prejudice are â€Å"Causes of Prejudice† and â€Å"C. P. Ellis. † In the essay, â€Å"Causes of Prejudice,† the author Vincent N. Parrillo explains the reasons for racism and discrimination in the United States. Which brings us to Studs Terkel’s essay â€Å"C. P. Ellis,† he tells us the story of C. P. Ellis, a former Klansmen who claims he is no longer racist. With Parrillo’s essay, we will analyze what caused C. P. Ellis to be prejudice and how he changed. Parrillo’s Causes of Prejudice outlines reasons how and why prejudice exists in today’s society. Parrillo first starts out telling us that prejudice is the rejection of a member of a certain culture, and that ethnocentrism is a rejection of all culture as a whole. He then states that there are four areas of study to consider when dealing with prejudice; levels of prejudice, self-justification, personality, and frustration. This theory is ideal to the root of why and where prejudice starts. He explains that the first level of prejudice is the cognitive level of prejudice. This is a person’s beliefs of a culture. The second level is the emotional level of prejudice. This level includes what kind of emotional response a culture has on a person. These emotions for example can be that of hate, love, fear, etc†¦ The final level, explains Parrillo, is the action oriented level. This is the desire to physically act upon their prejudice feelings toward the person or culture. As stated in the text, â€Å"The emotional level of prejudice encompasses the feelings that a minority group arouses in an individual. Although these feelings may be based on stereotypes from the cognitive level they represent more intense stages of personal involvement† (Parrillo 386). His statement holds true. In the sense of economic competition prejudice occurs frequently. We need to realize that jealousy is an important factor of prejudice. There would still be competitions, hatred, and stereotyping. It is just in our human nature. The story of C. P Ellis begins as he discusses his life as being a white male from a low-income class. His frustrations and misfortunes lead him to become a member of the Ku Klux Klan. His father always told Ellis to stay away from blacks, Jews, and Catholics’ and he obeyed his father’s wishes. In a sense, it seemed as if Ellis truly admired his father. At 17 years old, his father soon passed away and Ellis was forced to work to tend to his family. Ellis discusses his frustrations on having to make ends meet with four children, the eldest being mentally challenged and the struggles he has to endure to make it happen. Ellis begins to blame the black people for his tragedy and his misfortune of not being able to have sufficient funds. In relevance to Parrillo’s essay, he explains that â€Å"frustrations tend to increase aggression toward others† (Parrillo 393). This ties into the anger that Ellis began to direct it towards as he stated, â€Å"I didn’t know who to blame. I tried to find somebody. I began to blame it on black people. I had to hate somebody† (Terkel 400). Ellis believed that blaming others rather than himself was the best way to get over his frustrations. We are then exploited to the self esteem Ellis had and his state of mind when starting his racist rampage. To begin with, Ellis shows throughout the essay that he is weak minded and has very low self-esteem. Ellis states, â€Å"The majority of ‘em are low income whites, people who really don’t have a part in something. They have been shut out as well as the blacks†¦ So the natural person to hate would the black person† (Terkel 401). Ellis started to hate the fact that he was poor and turned to the KKK. He felt the KKK opened opportunities he could achieve because of the stability and members of the group. Parrillo states that â€Å"self-justification† is lead to believe the main cause of prejudice. He states â€Å"a person may avoid social contact with groups deemed inferior and associate only with those identified as being of high status† (Parrillo 387). We can identify the behaviors and personality Ellis displays is relevant to the same behaviors and personality of his father. Throughout the story, Ellis directed his hatred towards blacks just like his father did. Ellis states â€Å"The natural person for me to hate would be black people, because my father before me was a member of the Klan. As far as he was concerned, it was the savior of the white people† (Terkel 400). We can recognize that his racist ways came from his father who told him what to believe. We can identify this as the â€Å"socialization† factor of prejudice. When one is taught something which they live by all their life they begin to play a role just as the one who taught them those ways. Parrillo elaborates, â€Å"We thus learn the prejudices of our parents and others, which then become part of our values and beliefs. Even when based on false stereotypes, prejudices shape our perceptions of various peoples and influence our attitudes and actions toward particular groups† (Parrillo 394). We can make the connection that Ellis’s father was racist he gained his father’s characteristics as well as his beliefs. This also ties in when he begins to blame black people because he was taught they were the cause of the economic problems he was facing. Ellis states â€Å"If we didn’t have niggers in the schools, we wouldn’t have the problems we got today† (Terkel 402). Here he did not truly experience what he believed but he was told this and began to live by it, which was passed down by his father. Over the time, Ellis and his views about the blacks changed altogether. In the end, Ellis has an epiphany once he realized how much in common he really had with blacks. He soon began to realize that black people were just as normal and looking for the same thing in life. He tells us what he realized later in his life â€Å"As long as they kept low-income whites and low-income blacks fightin’, they’re gonna maintain control† (Terkel 403). The revelation is going to change his life. He refers to they as being the politicians and government. He began to have his own mind set and realize that all are alike and should not be treated differently. Some white people had just as low incomes as some black people, which led him to realize that they were all at the same level. There is no explanation as to why Ellis really decided to all of a sudden change his views. We can relate this to Parrillo’s statement, â€Å"Although socialization explains how prejudicial attitudes may be transmitted from one generation to the next, it does not explain their origin or why they intensify or diminish over the years† (Terkel 394). In conclusion, both Parrillo’s essay and Ellis’s story go hand in hand in showing us the real reason why prejudice and racism still exists today. Vincent Parrillo exemplifies valid points and key notions on why cause a person to be prejudice and racist. C. P Ellis provides an insightful eye and truly gives us hope that maybe people will change their views over the years. Both showed us that prejudice is a prime factor in this society and this is because everyone was born and raised differently. Everyone has their own beliefs and ideas. Value, attitudes, beliefs and culture all are targets of prejudice. Regardless of anything, we will never be able to change that. People just try to persevere to the stereotyping and criticizing of other races and their own. Works Cited Parrillo, Vincent N. â€Å"‘Causes of Prejudice. † Rereading America: Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. Ed. Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford St. Martin’s, 2010. 384-398. Terkel, Studs. â€Å"C. P Ellis. † Rereading America: Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. Ed. Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford St. Martin’s, 2010. 398-408. Self-Editing Checklist: 1. Do you have a sufficient number of quoted passages from theoretical essay you have chosen and have you commented sufficiently on each? List the page numbers of the passages below. Page 386 Page 387 Page 393 Page 394 2. Do you have a sufficient number of quoted passages from personal essay you have chosen and have you commented sufficiently on each? List the page numbers of the passages below. Page 400 Page 401 Page 402 Page 403 3. Explain the order in which you chose to make your points via the passages you quoted. Studs Terkel then Vincent Parrillo? Page 386 ? Page 393 ? Page 400 ? Page 401 ? Page 387 ? Page 400 ? Page 394 ? Page 402 ? Page 403 ? Page 394 4. Name three writing errors you are likely to make in your prose and check the rough draft for these. Use the OWL website if necessary to look for examples of how to address these problems. List the likely errors below. Alternating long and short sentences. 5. Read your final draft of the essay aloud so that you do not allow your eyes you’re your brain to self-correct the errors in your essay. List the kinds of errors you found below. Spelling, grammar, punctuation.